EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATIONS IN THE STOMATOGNATHIC SYSTEM

SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract

To conduct a scoping review of the main evolutionary adaptations that occurred in the stomatognathic system during human evolution. The qualitative methodology, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) protocol, aims to systematically map evidence on a topic, connecting different contexts. This scoping review followed five steps: identification of the question, search and selection of relevant studies, data analysis, and synthesis of results. The main evolutionary changes in the stomatognathic system include the reduction of the jaws and teeth, especially the third molars, due to the transition to a processed diet. The early fusion of the mandibular symphysis and the prominent chin in Homo sapiens are associated with speech and sexual selection. Diet influenced the oral microbiota, dental morphology, and masticatory biomechanics. Future studies should integrate genetics and new technologies to explore these adaptations, highlighting the impact of the modern diet on problems such as caries and malocclusion. These changes have important implications for contemporary dentistry, aiding in the prevention of oral diseases and orthodontic treatment, in addition to providing valuable insights for the development of effective dental care strategies and education about the importance of evolution for oral health. The results of this scoping review answered the guiding question.